Step 1 — Enabling mod_rewrite
First, we need to activate mod_rewrite
. Its available but not enabled with a clean Apache 2 installation.
-
sudo a2enmod rewrite
This will activate the module or alert you that the module is already enabled. To put these changes into effect, restart Apache.
-
sudo systemctl restart apache2
mod_rewrite
is now fully enabled. In the next step we will set up an .htaccess
file that well use to define rewrite rules for redirects.
Step 2 — Setting Up .htaccess
An .htaccess
file allows us to modify our rewrite rules without accessing server configuration files. For this reason, .htaccess
is critical to your web applications security. The period that precedes the filename ensures that the file is hidden.
Note: Any rules that you can put in an .htaccess
file can be also put directly into server configuration files. In fact, the official Apache documentation recommends using server configuration files instead of .htaccess
because Apache processes it faster that way.
However, in this simple example, the performance increase will be negligible. Additionally, setting rules in .htaccess
is convenient, especially with multiple websites on the same server. It does not require a server restart for changes to take effect and it does not require root privileges to edit those rules, simplifying maintenance and and making changes possible with unprivileged account. Some popular open-source software, like Wordpress and Joomla, often relies on an .htaccess
file for the software to modify and create additional rules on demand.
We will need to set up and secure a few more settings before we can begin.
By default, Apache prohibits using an .htaccess
file to apply rewrite rules, so first you need to allow changes to the file. Open the default Apache configuration file using nano
or your favorite text editor.
-
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
Inside that file, you will find a <VirtualHost *:80>
block starting on the first line. Inside of that block, add the following new block so your configuration file looks like the following. Make sure that all blocks are properly indented.
/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf<VirtualHost *:80> <Directory /var/www/html> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Require all granted </Directory> . . . </VirtualHost>
Save and close the file. To put these changes into effect, restart Apache.
-
sudo systemctl restart apache2
sumber : https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-16-04